Utilizing fruit waste-mediated nanoparticles for sustainable food packaging materials to combat food loss and waste

This review examines the role of fruit waste valorization in the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, a key innovation in sustainable food packaging. In developing countries, food production and waste management challenges are exacerbated by inefficient storage, transportation, and consumer waste. Fruit waste, rich in bioactive compounds, is a viable substrate for producing metal oxide nanoparticles, which are then utilized in creating active food packaging materials. These materials significantly extend the postharvest shelf life of perishable goods. Key findings include the effectiveness of various fruit wastes as mediating agents in the synthesis of nanoparticles, the enhanced biological activity of these nanoparticles in packaging applications, and the recent advancements in incorporating metal oxides in packaging materials. Despite the potential, the review also acknowledges existing limitations and regulatory challenges in this application. Ultimately, this green synthesis pathway aligns with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12.3, aimed at halving food waste by 2030, and highlights the transformational impact of integrating waste management with innovative food packaging solutions.