Understanding Shadow IT usage: The interplay of IT accessibility, work overload, and employee strain

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the impact of information technology (IT) accessibility, work overload, and the mediating impact of employee strain on employee Shadow IT usage. Originality/value: This study innovates by extending the strain theory model in an employee’s Shadow IT usage context and empirically testing it. Structural factors (IT accessibility and work overload) and psychological factors of employee strain were included in the extended model. This study bridges a gap in the literature by exploring Shadow IT (SIT) usage in developing economies, focusing on Nigeria, which has been underrepresented in prior research primarily centered on developed and Western countries. Implementation of sound IT systems and structures that reduce work overload will positively impact reducing interaction with Shadow IT, which will assist in maintaining robust organization information systems and reduce security risks. Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted using a quantitative research design, with a sample of 345 IT-inclined employees in Nigeria. SmartPLS software was used for analysis, which employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses. Findings: The results revealed that structural imbalances (IT accessibility and work overload) significantly relate to employee strain and Shadow IT usage. Furthermore, the mediating impact of employee strain reflects strain as an intermediary between IT accessibility, work overload, and Shadow IT usage. This study provides insight for organizations into the need for appropriate structural measures and equitable and accessible IT structure.