Titanium-based matrix composites reinforced with particulate, microstructure, and mechanical properties using spark plasma sintering technique: a review

The interest for lightweight and high-temperature materials for critical innovative applications is expanding in numerous modern industries. Reinforcing ceramic particles with micro/nano-scale sizes into titanium alloys is distinguished, thereby increasing the hardness and wear resistance. Alternatively, reduction in particles sizes also helps in increasing the strength, ductility, and creep resistance of the reinforced materials. Nano-ceramic has significant improvement in mechanical properties of a material, which makes it practically a good reinforcement in metal composites. Recent advancement in nanotechnology area demands innovative improvement in metal matrix composite for critical and functional applications. The effects of micro/nanomaterial dispersion in the metal matrix composite are spoken about and the formation of unexpected interfacial reaction on these properties. Powder metallurgy is a process where powder materials are being compacted or sintered in the furnace with the perspective of accomplishing higher densities. Spark plasma sintering techniques have a favorable condition over other sintering methods since it tends to decrease the sintering time with high temperatures, attaining higher densities, microstructural evolution, and the tendency to improve the mechanical properties of the material. This review focuses on the fabrication and mechanical properties of titanium alloy strengthening with micro/nano-ceramics.