Therapeutic Potential of AgNP-Infused Patches in Periodontal Disease: An Observational Study in Albino Rats

Introduction: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic modality in periodontal disease management due to their potent antimicrobial activity and ability to promote tissue regeneration. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of AgNP-infused patches in ligature-induced periodontitis rat model. Methods: AgNPs were synthesized using a green synthesis method with neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract followed by incorporation into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based patches. In vivo efficacy of experimental AgNP patch was tested in albino rats vs marketed formulation and control groups, following ARRIVE guidelines. Results: Characterization by Atomic Force Microscopy revealed spherical AgNPs with an average size of 85 nm, while Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed uniform morphology and size distribution. Production of microporous AgNP patches with uniform nanoparticle dispersion was also validated by Scanning electron microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis. Observational and histopathological analysis revealed significant improvements in gingival and periodontal tissue restoration, inflammation reduction in the AgNP-treated groups compared to untreated and standard-treated groups. Discussion: Notably, the high-dose AgNP patch (1000 mg/kg) treated group exhibited near-complete tissue restoration. These findings highlight the potential of AgNP patch as a localized treatment alternative for periodontal disease.