The White Rabbit Time Calibration system for KM3NeT/ARCA

KM3NeT Collaboration

doi:10.22323/1.501.1137

The White Rabbit Time Calibration system for KM3NeT/ARCA

KM3NeT Collaboration

Physics

Badji Mokhtar University
University of Florence
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
Université de Strasbourg
Université de Haute-Alsace
Khalifa University of Science and Technology
Aix-Marseille Université
University of Valencia
University of Rome La Sapienza
Polytechnic University of Catalonia
Nantes Université
Polytechnic University of Valencia
Université de Paris
University of Genoa
Université de Caen
North West University
University of Bologna
University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli
University of Hull
Czech Technical University in Prague
Comenius University
National Institute for Subatomic Physics
Mohammed V University in Rabat
University of Salerno
University of Naples Federico II
National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics
University of Amsterdam
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
Cadi Ayyad University
University of the Witwatersrand
University of Catania
Princeton University
Université catholique de Louvain
University of Granada
Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research
Mohamed I University
Western Sydney University
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - NIOZ
Leiden University
AGH University of Science and Technology
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
The University of Georgia, Tbilisi
Institut universitaire de France
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy
Sharjah Academy for Astronomy, Space Sciences & Technology
Charles University
Harvard University
Mohammed VI Polytechnic University
Université Montpellier 2

Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article › peer-review

Abstract

The KM3NeT neutrino telescope consists of two detectors: ARCA, at 3500m depth offshore Capo Passero, Sicily, and ORCA, at 2500m depth offshore Toulon. Both detectors consist in a 3D-grid of Detection Units (DUs), each with 18 Digital Optical Modules (DOMs), anchored on the seabed and linked to the shore station via optical fibers. Each DOM houses 31 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and the relative front-end electronics. The KM3NeT neutrino detector reconstructs the Cherenkov light wavefront emitted by charged particles produced in a neutrino interaction in water. In order to guarantee the expected physics goals in terms of angular resolution and sensitivity to astrophysical sources, the time resolution and timing offsets between all PMTs must be kept at the nanosecond level, knowledge of DOM positions at circa 20 cm accuracy and orientation at few degrees. The Collaboration has recently adopted the standard White Rabbit time-synchronization technology as the optimal solution to synchronize the detector electronics. After a strict qualification process, the first 17 DUs using standard White Rabbit have been produced and, since September 2024, three of them are fully operational in the ARCA detector, showing optimal time accuracy. The novel time calibration procedure and results from the ARCA detector will be shown and discussed.

Original language	English
Article number	1137
Journal	Proceedings of Science
Volume	501
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.1137
Publication status	Published - 30 Dec 2025
Event	39th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2025 - Geneva, Switzerland Duration: 15 Jul 2025 → 24 Jul 2025

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Multidisciplinary

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10.22323/1.501.1137

Cite this

@article{27285c0f8fac42fb8fa6e0e74bfb45df,

title = "The White Rabbit Time Calibration system for KM3NeT/ARCA",

abstract = "The KM3NeT neutrino telescope consists of two detectors: ARCA, at 3500m depth offshore Capo Passero, Sicily, and ORCA, at 2500m depth offshore Toulon. Both detectors consist in a 3D-grid of Detection Units (DUs), each with 18 Digital Optical Modules (DOMs), anchored on the seabed and linked to the shore station via optical fibers. Each DOM houses 31 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and the relative front-end electronics. The KM3NeT neutrino detector reconstructs the Cherenkov light wavefront emitted by charged particles produced in a neutrino interaction in water. In order to guarantee the expected physics goals in terms of angular resolution and sensitivity to astrophysical sources, the time resolution and timing offsets between all PMTs must be kept at the nanosecond level, knowledge of DOM positions at circa 20 cm accuracy and orientation at few degrees. The Collaboration has recently adopted the standard White Rabbit time-synchronization technology as the optimal solution to synchronize the detector electronics. After a strict qualification process, the first 17 DUs using standard White Rabbit have been produced and, since September 2024, three of them are fully operational in the ARCA detector, showing optimal time accuracy. The novel time calibration procedure and results from the ARCA detector will be shown and discussed.",

author = "\{KM3NeT Collaboration\} and Bouasla, \{Amani Besma\} and Reda Attallah and O. Adriani and A. Albert and Alhebsi, \{A. R.\} and S. Alshalloudi and M. Alshamsi and \{Alves Garre\}, S. and F. Ameli and M. Andre and L. Aphecetche and M. Ardid and S. Ardid and J. Aublin and F. Badaracco and L. Bailly-Salins and B. Baret and A. Bariego-Quintana and M. Barnard and Y. Becherini and M. Bendahman and \{Benfenati Gualandi\}, F. and M. Benhassi and Benoit, \{D. M.\} and Z. Be{\v n}u{\v s}ov{\'a} and E. Berbee and E. Berti and V. Bertin and P. Betti and S. Biagi and M. Boettcher and D. Bonanno and M. Bond{\`i} and S. Bottai and Bouasla, \{A. B.\} and J. Boumaaza and M. Bouta and M. Bouwhuis and C. Bozza and Bozza, \{R. M.\} and H. Br{\^a}nza{\c s} and F. Bretaudeau and M. Breuhaus and R. Bruijn and J. Brunner and R. Bruno and E. Buis and R. Buompane and I. Burriel and S. Razzaque",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright owned by the author(s); 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2025 ; Conference date: 15-07-2025 Through 24-07-2025",

year = "2025",

month = dec,

day = "30",

doi = "10.22323/1.501.1137",

language = "English",

volume = "501",

journal = "Proceedings of Science",

issn = "1824-8039",

publisher = "Sissa Medialab Srl",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The White Rabbit Time Calibration system for KM3NeT/ARCA

AU - KM3NeT Collaboration

AU - Bouasla, Amani Besma

AU - Attallah, Reda

AU - Adriani, O.

AU - Albert, A.

AU - Alhebsi, A. R.

AU - Alshalloudi, S.

AU - Alshamsi, M.

AU - Alves Garre, S.

AU - Ameli, F.

AU - Andre, M.

AU - Aphecetche, L.

AU - Ardid, M.

AU - Ardid, S.

AU - Aublin, J.

AU - Badaracco, F.

AU - Bailly-Salins, L.

AU - Baret, B.

AU - Bariego-Quintana, A.

AU - Barnard, M.

AU - Becherini, Y.

AU - Bendahman, M.

AU - Benfenati Gualandi, F.

AU - Benhassi, M.

AU - Benoit, D. M.

AU - Beňušová, Z.

AU - Berbee, E.

AU - Berti, E.

AU - Bertin, V.

AU - Betti, P.

AU - Biagi, S.

AU - Boettcher, M.

AU - Bonanno, D.

AU - Bondì, M.

AU - Bottai, S.

AU - Bouasla, A. B.

AU - Boumaaza, J.

AU - Bouta, M.

AU - Bouwhuis, M.

AU - Bozza, C.

AU - Bozza, R. M.

AU - Brânzaş, H.

AU - Bretaudeau, F.

AU - Breuhaus, M.

AU - Bruijn, R.

AU - Brunner, J.

AU - Bruno, R.

AU - Buis, E.

AU - Buompane, R.

AU - Burriel, I.

AU - Razzaque, S.

PY - 2025/12/30

Y1 - 2025/12/30

N2 - The KM3NeT neutrino telescope consists of two detectors: ARCA, at 3500m depth offshore Capo Passero, Sicily, and ORCA, at 2500m depth offshore Toulon. Both detectors consist in a 3D-grid of Detection Units (DUs), each with 18 Digital Optical Modules (DOMs), anchored on the seabed and linked to the shore station via optical fibers. Each DOM houses 31 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and the relative front-end electronics. The KM3NeT neutrino detector reconstructs the Cherenkov light wavefront emitted by charged particles produced in a neutrino interaction in water. In order to guarantee the expected physics goals in terms of angular resolution and sensitivity to astrophysical sources, the time resolution and timing offsets between all PMTs must be kept at the nanosecond level, knowledge of DOM positions at circa 20 cm accuracy and orientation at few degrees. The Collaboration has recently adopted the standard White Rabbit time-synchronization technology as the optimal solution to synchronize the detector electronics. After a strict qualification process, the first 17 DUs using standard White Rabbit have been produced and, since September 2024, three of them are fully operational in the ARCA detector, showing optimal time accuracy. The novel time calibration procedure and results from the ARCA detector will be shown and discussed.

AB - The KM3NeT neutrino telescope consists of two detectors: ARCA, at 3500m depth offshore Capo Passero, Sicily, and ORCA, at 2500m depth offshore Toulon. Both detectors consist in a 3D-grid of Detection Units (DUs), each with 18 Digital Optical Modules (DOMs), anchored on the seabed and linked to the shore station via optical fibers. Each DOM houses 31 3-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and the relative front-end electronics. The KM3NeT neutrino detector reconstructs the Cherenkov light wavefront emitted by charged particles produced in a neutrino interaction in water. In order to guarantee the expected physics goals in terms of angular resolution and sensitivity to astrophysical sources, the time resolution and timing offsets between all PMTs must be kept at the nanosecond level, knowledge of DOM positions at circa 20 cm accuracy and orientation at few degrees. The Collaboration has recently adopted the standard White Rabbit time-synchronization technology as the optimal solution to synchronize the detector electronics. After a strict qualification process, the first 17 DUs using standard White Rabbit have been produced and, since September 2024, three of them are fully operational in the ARCA detector, showing optimal time accuracy. The novel time calibration procedure and results from the ARCA detector will be shown and discussed.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105029039537

U2 - 10.22323/1.501.1137

DO - 10.22323/1.501.1137

M3 - Conference article

AN - SCOPUS:105029039537

SN - 1824-8039

VL - 501

JO - Proceedings of Science

JF - Proceedings of Science

M1 - 1137

T2 - 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2025

Y2 - 15 July 2025 through 24 July 2025

ER -

The White Rabbit Time Calibration system for KM3NeT/ARCA

Abstract

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