The technology and microwear of the bone tools from Broederstroom, an Early Iron Age site in the Magaliesberg, South Africa

This paper reports the results of a technological and microwear analysis of 110 pieces of worked bone from the Early Iron Age site of Broederstroom in the Magaliesberg region of South Africa. The results are compared to previous studies of bone tools from the contemporary Later Stone Age sites of Kruger Cave and Jubilee Shelter in an attempt to understand whether the Broederstroom pieces were made locally by the farmers or acquired through trade with hunter-gatherers. Although the bone tool technology at Broederstroom does bear some similarities to the bone material at Kruger Cave, it is quite different from that at Jubilee Shelter. This technological distinction likely indicates that the bone tool industry at Broederstroom is a product of local farmer industry. The use-wear results further point to a range of different activities practised by the farmers living at Broederstroom.