The impact of fiscal policy on total factor productivity growth in a developing economy: evidence from Botswana

Most empirical work on the nexus between fiscal policy and total factor productivity (TFP) is focussed on aggregate analysis and lack sector-specific evidence required to guide effective policy decisions. Our study addresses this gap by analysing the impact of fiscal policy on sectoral TFP growth in Botswana between 1984 and 2016 using the Autoregressive Distributive Lag method. The results suggest that focussing on aggregate TFP growth masks specific issues which are peculiar to various economic sectors. For instance, mineral tax, other tax revenue, and expenditure on social services were found to have a significant long-run positive impact on the TFP growth in the primary sector only, while a negative impact is witnessed in the secondary and tertiary sectors. SACU revenue has a positive impact on TFP growth in both the primary and tertiary sectors, while productive spending boosts TFP growth across all sectors. In addition, both the value-added tax and the non-mining income tax have a negative impact on TFP growth across all sectors. The speed of adjustment was found to be high in the primary sector compared to other sectors. The findings single out the importance of taking into account sector-specific fiscal policies in influencing sectoral TFP growth.