The ability of silver(I) thiocyanate 4-methoxyphenyl phosphine to induce apoptotic cell death in esophageal cancer cells is correlated to mitochondrial perturbations

First generation silver(I) phosphines have garnered much interest due to their vast structural diversity and promising anticancer activity. Increasing incidences of cancer, side-effects to chemotherapeutic agents and redevelopment of tumors due to resistance prompts the exploration of alternative compounds showing anticancer activity. This study revealed the effective induction of cell death by a silver(I) thiocyanate 4-methoxyphenyl phosphine complex in a malignant esophageal cell line. Apoptotic cell death was confirmed in treated cells. Moreover, mitochondrial targeting via the intrinsic cell death pathway was evident due to low levels of ATP, altered ROS activity, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytochrome c release and caspase-9 cleavage. The complex displayed low cytotoxicity towards two human non-malignant, skin and kidney, cell lines. The findings reported herein give further insight into the selective targeting of silver(I) phosphines and support our belief that this complex shows great promise as an effective chemotherapeutic drug.