TY - JOUR
T1 - Synthesis and characterization of nickel(II) homogeneous and supported complexes for the hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol
AU - Kalumpha, Menala
AU - Matsinha, Leah Charlie
AU - Makhubela, Banothile C.E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Nickel(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The complexes were evaluated as pre-catalysts in the direct hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol. The pre-catalysts C1 and C4 gave higher furfural conversion (97% and 96%, respectively), as a result, they were also evaluated in the transfer hydrogenation of furfural using formic acid as the hydrogen source where higher furfural conversion (93%) was obtained and selectivity (100%) toward the formation of furfuryl alcohol at 4 h. The catalyst C1 was recycled three times with and it was observed that the catalytic activity might be due to a mixture of both molecular catalysis and nanoparticles, as evidenced by the decrease in activity in mercury poisoning experiments. The hydrogenation reactions were also extended to alpha-β unsaturated substrates and were selective toward saturation of the carbonyl functionality over alkene groups.
AB - Nickel(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy, high resolution mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The complexes were evaluated as pre-catalysts in the direct hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol. The pre-catalysts C1 and C4 gave higher furfural conversion (97% and 96%, respectively), as a result, they were also evaluated in the transfer hydrogenation of furfural using formic acid as the hydrogen source where higher furfural conversion (93%) was obtained and selectivity (100%) toward the formation of furfuryl alcohol at 4 h. The catalyst C1 was recycled three times with and it was observed that the catalytic activity might be due to a mixture of both molecular catalysis and nanoparticles, as evidenced by the decrease in activity in mercury poisoning experiments. The hydrogenation reactions were also extended to alpha-β unsaturated substrates and were selective toward saturation of the carbonyl functionality over alkene groups.
KW - Catalytic hydrogenation
KW - Furfural
KW - Furfuryl alcohol
KW - Ni(II) catalysts
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106627936&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/catal11060684
DO - 10.3390/catal11060684
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85106627936
SN - 2073-4344
VL - 11
JO - Catalysts
JF - Catalysts
IS - 6
M1 - 684
ER -
