Surface characterization and formation mechanism of the ceramic TiO2-xNx spherical powder induced by annealing in air

S. T. Camagu; A. S. Bolokang; T. F.G. Muller; D. E. Motaung; C. J. Arendse

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2019.04.030

Surface characterization and formation mechanism of the ceramic TiO_2-xN_x spherical powder induced by annealing in air

S. T. Camagu
, A. S. Bolokang
, T. F.G. Muller
, D. E. Motaung
, C. J. Arendse

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Mechanism for the formation of titanium oxynitride (TiO_2-xN_x) on the surfaces of spherical Ti powder particles upon heat treatment in air at 500, 600, 700 and 800 °C was investigated. The results showed that the first at 500 °C a hexagonal closed packed (HCP) TiO_x film was formed while aTiO₂ film was observed after annealing at 600 °C and eventually a TiO_2-x-N_x layer coated the spherical Ti particles at 700 and 800 °C due to N diffusion within the TiO₂ crystal lattice. The resulting surface structure was studied by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD) while the surface morphology of the powders was characterized using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) attached with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) detector. The AFM images confirmed that when the N content increases (800 °C-heat treated sample) the powder loses its triangular grains (700 °C-annealed sample) to irregular shaped grains.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	229-237
Number of pages	9
Journal	Powder Technology
Volume	351
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.04.030
Publication status	Published - 1 Jun 2019
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Characterization
Oxidation
Thermal analysis
TiO-N
Titanium

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemical Engineering

Access to Document

10.1016/j.powtec.2019.04.030

Cite this

@article{3fffe4a9a15c4422bf9ba1ba342218ad,

title = "Surface characterization and formation mechanism of the ceramic TiO2-xNx spherical powder induced by annealing in air",

abstract = "Mechanism for the formation of titanium oxynitride (TiO2-xNx) on the surfaces of spherical Ti powder particles upon heat treatment in air at 500, 600, 700 and 800 °C was investigated. The results showed that the first at 500 °C a hexagonal closed packed (HCP) TiOx film was formed while aTiO2 film was observed after annealing at 600 °C and eventually a TiO2-x-Nx layer coated the spherical Ti particles at 700 and 800 °C due to N diffusion within the TiO2 crystal lattice. The resulting surface structure was studied by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD) while the surface morphology of the powders was characterized using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) attached with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) detector. The AFM images confirmed that when the N content increases (800 °C-heat treated sample) the powder loses its triangular grains (700 °C-annealed sample) to irregular shaped grains.",

keywords = "Characterization, Oxidation, Thermal analysis, TiO-N, Titanium",

author = "Camagu, \{S. T.\} and Bolokang, \{A. S.\} and Muller, \{T. F.G.\} and Motaung, \{D. E.\} and Arendse, \{C. J.\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2019",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.powtec.2019.04.030",

language = "English",

volume = "351",

pages = "229--237",

journal = "Powder Technology",

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publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Surface characterization and formation mechanism of the ceramic TiO2-xNx spherical powder induced by annealing in air

AU - Camagu, S. T.

AU - Bolokang, A. S.

AU - Muller, T. F.G.

AU - Motaung, D. E.

AU - Arendse, C. J.

PY - 2019/6/1

Y1 - 2019/6/1

N2 - Mechanism for the formation of titanium oxynitride (TiO2-xNx) on the surfaces of spherical Ti powder particles upon heat treatment in air at 500, 600, 700 and 800 °C was investigated. The results showed that the first at 500 °C a hexagonal closed packed (HCP) TiOx film was formed while aTiO2 film was observed after annealing at 600 °C and eventually a TiO2-x-Nx layer coated the spherical Ti particles at 700 and 800 °C due to N diffusion within the TiO2 crystal lattice. The resulting surface structure was studied by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD) while the surface morphology of the powders was characterized using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) attached with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) detector. The AFM images confirmed that when the N content increases (800 °C-heat treated sample) the powder loses its triangular grains (700 °C-annealed sample) to irregular shaped grains.

AB - Mechanism for the formation of titanium oxynitride (TiO2-xNx) on the surfaces of spherical Ti powder particles upon heat treatment in air at 500, 600, 700 and 800 °C was investigated. The results showed that the first at 500 °C a hexagonal closed packed (HCP) TiOx film was formed while aTiO2 film was observed after annealing at 600 °C and eventually a TiO2-x-Nx layer coated the spherical Ti particles at 700 and 800 °C due to N diffusion within the TiO2 crystal lattice. The resulting surface structure was studied by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD) while the surface morphology of the powders was characterized using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) attached with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) detector. The AFM images confirmed that when the N content increases (800 °C-heat treated sample) the powder loses its triangular grains (700 °C-annealed sample) to irregular shaped grains.

KW - Characterization

KW - Oxidation

KW - Thermal analysis

KW - TiO-N

KW - Titanium

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85064461359

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DO - 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.04.030

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85064461359

SN - 0032-5910

VL - 351

SP - 229

EP - 237

JO - Powder Technology

JF - Powder Technology

ER -