Strategy and technology models in small scale mining of sandstone to facilitate community based economic development and growth

Artisanal small scale mining (ASM) activities are a global phenomenon, carried out mainly by individuals or groups within communities. Artisanal and small scale operators mine a range of minerals, dimension stones and metals available at their disposal. While artisanal operations are often looked at as illegal activities, small scale operators directly depend on these mining activities for survival, with some forming cooperatives within their respective markets. Most ASM activities are labor intensive and lack modernized technologies to optimize mining productivity. Sandstone operators in QwaQwa South Africa often have to work long hours to collect as much raw material as possible. This paper discusses strategical technologies which can be applied in small scale mining to aid community development and growth. Literature shows that small scale mining of sandstone in the Free-State province (South Africa) can provide a sustainable livelihood for communities where ASM activities are undertaken. Although some government assistance has been provided, it is has not reached the majority of the operators, and most of these mine operators still lack technological interventions, basic business and numerical competence. This paper will further present basic business models which can be adopted by small scale miners and thus advance the urgent need for rural economic development and growth.