TY - JOUR
T1 - Statistical design for optimal physical and biomechanical characteristics of biocomposite prostheses
AU - Kobe, Ibrahim Hassan
AU - Salawu, Abdulrahman Asipital
AU - Sunday, Abolarin Mathew
AU - Oyewole, Adedipe
AU - Uzoma, Okoro Gregory
AU - Omoniyi, Peter Olorunleke
AU - Jen, Tien Chien
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 The Author(s)
PY - 2025/3
Y1 - 2025/3
N2 - The mechanical properties of many prostheses are the causes of the stress shielding effect resulting from the imbalance of the prosthesis and human bone, which leads to the premature failure of the prosthesis after installation for bone replacement or repair. The present study uses statistical design to obtain optimal biomechanical properties of biocomposite prostheses to replace orthopaedic bone. The study utilized Pure Titanium (P-Ti) powder reinforced with Hydroxyapatites (Ha) and Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) as the factors of the experiment, and the physical and mechanical properties were considered as the response. The experiment design was conducted with statistical software (Design Expert) using Determinant Optimal Mixture Design of Experiment (DM-DOE) and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Biocomposites were developed using powder metallurgy techniques, and the experimental samples' mechanical, physical, and morphological characteristics were analyzed. The result showed that the optimum biocomposite formulations are 68.36 Ti, 18.36 Cow Bone-Based Hydroxyapatites (CB-Ha), and 8.17 CaCO3 by maximizing the mechanical properties and minimizing stiffness and physical properties suitable for the replacement bone. The results revealed a closer value of bone modulus with the decreased modulus (54.23 GPa), density (4.09 g/cm3), and porosity (9.56 %). There was also an enhancement of other mechanical properties with predicted compressive strength (162.17 MPa), Hardness (378.62 Hv), impact strength (11.43 KJ/m2), and Fracture toughness (26.11 MPa m0.5). The ANOVA revealed that CB-Ha and CaCO3 are crucial factors in minimizing the prosthesis stiffness, which has interactive effects on the formulation of biocomposite.
AB - The mechanical properties of many prostheses are the causes of the stress shielding effect resulting from the imbalance of the prosthesis and human bone, which leads to the premature failure of the prosthesis after installation for bone replacement or repair. The present study uses statistical design to obtain optimal biomechanical properties of biocomposite prostheses to replace orthopaedic bone. The study utilized Pure Titanium (P-Ti) powder reinforced with Hydroxyapatites (Ha) and Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) as the factors of the experiment, and the physical and mechanical properties were considered as the response. The experiment design was conducted with statistical software (Design Expert) using Determinant Optimal Mixture Design of Experiment (DM-DOE) and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Biocomposites were developed using powder metallurgy techniques, and the experimental samples' mechanical, physical, and morphological characteristics were analyzed. The result showed that the optimum biocomposite formulations are 68.36 Ti, 18.36 Cow Bone-Based Hydroxyapatites (CB-Ha), and 8.17 CaCO3 by maximizing the mechanical properties and minimizing stiffness and physical properties suitable for the replacement bone. The results revealed a closer value of bone modulus with the decreased modulus (54.23 GPa), density (4.09 g/cm3), and porosity (9.56 %). There was also an enhancement of other mechanical properties with predicted compressive strength (162.17 MPa), Hardness (378.62 Hv), impact strength (11.43 KJ/m2), and Fracture toughness (26.11 MPa m0.5). The ANOVA revealed that CB-Ha and CaCO3 are crucial factors in minimizing the prosthesis stiffness, which has interactive effects on the formulation of biocomposite.
KW - Biocomposite
KW - Design, Biomechanical
KW - Optimisation
KW - Prosthesis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85217914030&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02593
DO - 10.1016/j.sciaf.2025.e02593
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85217914030
SN - 2468-2276
VL - 27
JO - Scientific African
JF - Scientific African
M1 - e02593
ER -