Spectrum monitoring in heterogeneous cognitive radio network: How to cooperate?

The spectrum-monitoring is a prominent technique to detect the reappearance of the primary user (PU) during the cognitive users' (CUs) data transmission. However, the imperfect spectrum monitoring (SM) causes a delay in the identification of PU that introduces interference at PU as well as data-loss. The cooperation among CUs for SM is a proficient solution to diminish these impairments of imperfection. Thus, in this study, a scenario of the heterogeneous cognitive radio network (CRN) is presented in which the CUs perform cooperation among them for SM and have analysed the impact of cooperation on several performance metrics such as the data-loss, interference efficiency and energy efficiency. An algorithm is presented for the evaluation of data-loss for different circumstances of the traffic intensity of PU and probability of SM error in the proposed heterogeneous CRN. In addition to this, the closed-form expressions for the cooperative and non-cooperative SM of these metrics are derived. Furthermore, the simulation results are illustrated for different state-of-affairs of the probability of SM error and traffic intensity.