Spark plasma sintering of graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced Ti6Al4V

A. O. Adegbenjo; P. A. Olubambi; J. H. Potgieter; M. B. Shongwe; M. Ramakokovhu

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2017.05.003

Spark plasma sintering of graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced Ti6Al4V

A. O. Adegbenjo, P. A. Olubambi, J. H. Potgieter, M. B. Shongwe, M. Ramakokovhu

Metallurgy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

57 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT_Gr) reinforced Ti6Al4V (Ti64) matrix composites prepared via the powder metallurgy route were synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. 1, 2 and 3 wt% MWCNT_Gr were dispersed in the Ti64 matrices by adapted high energy ball milling (HEBM_A). Composite powder mixtures were sintered in vacuum at constant applied pressure, heating rate and isothermal holding time of 50 MPa, 100 °C/min and 5 min respectively. The sintering temperature was varied between 850 and 1000 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the as-received MWCNTs, MWCNT_Gr, admixed composite powders and the bulk sintered composites. MWCNT_Gr evolution during graphitization treatment, dispersion in Ti64 matrix and in the sintered composites was analyzed using the characteristic Raman peak intensity ratio (I_D/I_G). The relative density of the sintered MWCNT_Gr/Ti64 composites was enhanced with increased sintering temperature, but deteriorated with increased wt% MWCNT_Gr in the metal matrix. Vickers microhardness of the consolidated composites improved with increasing sintering temperature and weight fractions of MWCNT_Gr over that of the unreinforced matrix alloy. The formation of crystalline TiC interfacial product during composite powder processing and consolidation is also discussed.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	119-129
Number of pages	11
Journal	Materials and Design
Volume	128
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2017.05.003
Publication status	Published - 15 Aug 2017

Keywords

Graphitization
Interfacial reaction
MWCNT dispersion
Metal matrix composites
Reinforcement

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Materials Science
Mechanics of Materials
Mechanical Engineering

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10.1016/j.matdes.2017.05.003

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title = "Spark plasma sintering of graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced Ti6Al4V",

abstract = "Graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTGr) reinforced Ti6Al4V (Ti64) matrix composites prepared via the powder metallurgy route were synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. 1, 2 and 3 wt% MWCNTGr were dispersed in the Ti64 matrices by adapted high energy ball milling (HEBMA). Composite powder mixtures were sintered in vacuum at constant applied pressure, heating rate and isothermal holding time of 50 MPa, 100 °C/min and 5 min respectively. The sintering temperature was varied between 850 and 1000 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the as-received MWCNTs, MWCNTGr, admixed composite powders and the bulk sintered composites. MWCNTGr evolution during graphitization treatment, dispersion in Ti64 matrix and in the sintered composites was analyzed using the characteristic Raman peak intensity ratio (ID/IG). The relative density of the sintered MWCNTGr/Ti64 composites was enhanced with increased sintering temperature, but deteriorated with increased wt% MWCNTGr in the metal matrix. Vickers microhardness of the consolidated composites improved with increasing sintering temperature and weight fractions of MWCNTGr over that of the unreinforced matrix alloy. The formation of crystalline TiC interfacial product during composite powder processing and consolidation is also discussed.",

keywords = "Graphitization, Interfacial reaction, MWCNT dispersion, Metal matrix composites, Reinforcement",

author = "Adegbenjo, {A. O.} and Olubambi, {P. A.} and Potgieter, {J. H.} and Shongwe, {M. B.} and M. Ramakokovhu",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Elsevier Ltd",

year = "2017",

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doi = "10.1016/j.matdes.2017.05.003",

language = "English",

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T1 - Spark plasma sintering of graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced Ti6Al4V

AU - Adegbenjo, A. O.

AU - Olubambi, P. A.

AU - Potgieter, J. H.

AU - Shongwe, M. B.

AU - Ramakokovhu, M.

PY - 2017/8/15

Y1 - 2017/8/15

N2 - Graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTGr) reinforced Ti6Al4V (Ti64) matrix composites prepared via the powder metallurgy route were synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. 1, 2 and 3 wt% MWCNTGr were dispersed in the Ti64 matrices by adapted high energy ball milling (HEBMA). Composite powder mixtures were sintered in vacuum at constant applied pressure, heating rate and isothermal holding time of 50 MPa, 100 °C/min and 5 min respectively. The sintering temperature was varied between 850 and 1000 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the as-received MWCNTs, MWCNTGr, admixed composite powders and the bulk sintered composites. MWCNTGr evolution during graphitization treatment, dispersion in Ti64 matrix and in the sintered composites was analyzed using the characteristic Raman peak intensity ratio (ID/IG). The relative density of the sintered MWCNTGr/Ti64 composites was enhanced with increased sintering temperature, but deteriorated with increased wt% MWCNTGr in the metal matrix. Vickers microhardness of the consolidated composites improved with increasing sintering temperature and weight fractions of MWCNTGr over that of the unreinforced matrix alloy. The formation of crystalline TiC interfacial product during composite powder processing and consolidation is also discussed.

AB - Graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTGr) reinforced Ti6Al4V (Ti64) matrix composites prepared via the powder metallurgy route were synthesized by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. 1, 2 and 3 wt% MWCNTGr were dispersed in the Ti64 matrices by adapted high energy ball milling (HEBMA). Composite powder mixtures were sintered in vacuum at constant applied pressure, heating rate and isothermal holding time of 50 MPa, 100 °C/min and 5 min respectively. The sintering temperature was varied between 850 and 1000 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the as-received MWCNTs, MWCNTGr, admixed composite powders and the bulk sintered composites. MWCNTGr evolution during graphitization treatment, dispersion in Ti64 matrix and in the sintered composites was analyzed using the characteristic Raman peak intensity ratio (ID/IG). The relative density of the sintered MWCNTGr/Ti64 composites was enhanced with increased sintering temperature, but deteriorated with increased wt% MWCNTGr in the metal matrix. Vickers microhardness of the consolidated composites improved with increasing sintering temperature and weight fractions of MWCNTGr over that of the unreinforced matrix alloy. The formation of crystalline TiC interfacial product during composite powder processing and consolidation is also discussed.

KW - Graphitization

KW - Interfacial reaction

KW - MWCNT dispersion

KW - Metal matrix composites

KW - Reinforcement

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SN - 0264-1275

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JO - Materials and Design

JF - Materials and Design

ER -

Spark plasma sintering of graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced Ti6Al4V

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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