Silver and Titanium Oxides Coated on g-C₃N₄ Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Mixture of Brilliant Green-Congo Red Dyes and Ciprofloxacin Antibiotic Under Visible Light Irradiation

Silver and titanium oxides coated graphitic carbon nitride (Ag₂O/TiO₂/g-C₃N₄) nanocomposite was created by a single-step thermal polymerization. The Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methods, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), photoluminescence (PL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were within the numerous techniques used to characterize this nanocomposite. Both the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and the Tauc plot indicated that the Ag₂O/TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite had a lower electron-hole pair recombination rate and lower band gap energy. The coating of Ag₂O and TiO₂ on g-C₃N₄ was verified by TEM. The Ag₂O/TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite was used in the photocatalytic degradation of a Brilliant green (BG)-Congo red (CR) dye combination and ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic under visible light irradiation. According to the research, under visible light irradiation, the Ag₂O/TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite photocatalytic activity simultaneously degraded a mixture of BG-CR dyes, with BG (93%) and CR (85%) degrading percentages in 70 min and CIP (82%) degrading in 120 min. Superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were primarily responsible for the degradation of BG and CR dyes under visible light irradiation, whereas holes and hydroxyl radicals were investigated as important oxidative species in the photocatalytic degradation of CIP utilizing the Ag₂O/TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposite.