Seasonal variation of the atmospheric muon flux in the KM3NeT detectors

KM3NeT Collaboration

Seasonal variation of the atmospheric muon flux in the KM3NeT detectors

KM3NeT Collaboration

Physics

University of Amsterdam
National Institute for Subatomic Physics
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
Université de Strasbourg
Université de Haute-Alsace
University of Valencia
Aix-Marseille Université
University of Naples Federico II
Polytechnic University of Catalonia
Demokritos National Centre for Scientific Research
University of Granada
Nantes Université
Polytechnic University of Valencia
Mohammed V University in Rabat
Université de Paris
Université de Caen
Czech Technical University in Prague
Comenius University
University of Bologna
University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli
University of Hull
North West University
Mohamed I University
University of Salerno
Institute for Space Sciences
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research
University of Rome La Sapienza
Cadi Ayyad University
Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg
University of the Witwatersrand
University of Catania
International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research
University of Würzburg
Western Sydney University
LPC
University of Genoa
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - NIOZ
Leiden University
National Centre for Nuclear Research
Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
The University of Georgia, Tbilisi
Institut universitaire de France
IN2P3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique Des Particules
Université Montpellier 2

Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article › peer-review

Abstract

KM3NeT is constructing two large volume water Cherenkov detectors in the Mediterranean Sea. By instrumenting the water with photo-multipliers, neutrinos can be detected through the Cherenkov light from charged products of their interactions. The dominating signal, however, comes from muons created in extensive air-showers resulting from cosmic ray interactions in the top of the atmosphere. Despite the water column above, the highest-energy muons (> TeV) reach the detectors. Air-showers develop in a non-isotropic atmosphere where the vertical temperature profile, and thus the density, varies over time. The changing density of the atmosphere affects the balance between interaction and decay (to muons) of mesons in the air-showers. Therefore, the muon flux is expected to correlate with the seasons and short-term temperature fluctuations, as confirmed by other experiments. In this contribution, we present a first measurement of the correlation of the detected muon rate with the effective atmospheric temperature (weighted by muon production spectrum and detector response) for the KM3NeT ORCA telescope. The measured rate is compared with simulations, which model the time-dependent detector efficiency and environmental factors for a constant atmospheric muon flux.

Original language	English
Article number	355
Journal	Proceedings of Science
Volume	444
Publication status	Published - 27 Sept 2024
Event	38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023 - Nagoya, Japan Duration: 26 Jul 2023 → 3 Aug 2023

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Multidisciplinary

Cite this

@article{aa513dcbc1614c78b1ebceb785c4950b,

title = "Seasonal variation of the atmospheric muon flux in the KM3NeT detectors",

abstract = "KM3NeT is constructing two large volume water Cherenkov detectors in the Mediterranean Sea. By instrumenting the water with photo-multipliers, neutrinos can be detected through the Cherenkov light from charged products of their interactions. The dominating signal, however, comes from muons created in extensive air-showers resulting from cosmic ray interactions in the top of the atmosphere. Despite the water column above, the highest-energy muons (> TeV) reach the detectors. Air-showers develop in a non-isotropic atmosphere where the vertical temperature profile, and thus the density, varies over time. The changing density of the atmosphere affects the balance between interaction and decay (to muons) of mesons in the air-showers. Therefore, the muon flux is expected to correlate with the seasons and short-term temperature fluctuations, as confirmed by other experiments. In this contribution, we present a first measurement of the correlation of the detected muon rate with the effective atmospheric temperature (weighted by muon production spectrum and detector response) for the KM3NeT ORCA telescope. The measured rate is compared with simulations, which model the time-dependent detector efficiency and environmental factors for a constant atmospheric muon flux.",

author = "\{KM3NeT Collaboration\} and Mulder, \{J. M.\} and R. Bruijn and S. Aiello and A. Albert and \{Alves Garre\}, S. and Z. Aly and A. Ambrosone and F. Ameli and M. Andre and E. Androutsou and M. Anguita and L. Aphecetche and M. Ardid and S. Ardid and H. Atmani and J. Aublin and L. Bailly-Salins and Z. Barda{\v c}ov{\'a} and B. Baret and A. Bariego-Quintana and \{Basegmez du Pree\}, S. and Y. Becherini and M. Bendahman and F. Benfenati and M. Benhassi and Benoit, \{D. M.\} and E. Berbee and V. Bertin and S. Biagi and M. Boettcher and D. Bonanno and J. Boumaaza and M. Bouta and M. Bouwhuis and C. Bozza and Bozza, \{R. M.\} and H. Br{\^a}nza{\c s} and F. Bretaudeau and J. Brunner and R. Bruno and E. Buis and R. Buompane and J. Busto and B. Caiffi and D. Calvo and S. Campion and A. Capone and F. Carenini and V. Carretero and S. Razzaque",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons.; 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023 ; Conference date: 26-07-2023 Through 03-08-2023",

year = "2024",

month = sep,

day = "27",

language = "English",

volume = "444",

journal = "Proceedings of Science",

issn = "1824-8039",

publisher = "Sissa Medialab Srl",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Seasonal variation of the atmospheric muon flux in the KM3NeT detectors

AU - KM3NeT Collaboration

AU - Mulder, J. M.

AU - Bruijn, R.

AU - Aiello, S.

AU - Albert, A.

AU - Alves Garre, S.

AU - Aly, Z.

AU - Ambrosone, A.

AU - Ameli, F.

AU - Andre, M.

AU - Androutsou, E.

AU - Anguita, M.

AU - Aphecetche, L.

AU - Ardid, M.

AU - Ardid, S.

AU - Atmani, H.

AU - Aublin, J.

AU - Bailly-Salins, L.

AU - Bardačová, Z.

AU - Baret, B.

AU - Bariego-Quintana, A.

AU - Basegmez du Pree, S.

AU - Becherini, Y.

AU - Bendahman, M.

AU - Benfenati, F.

AU - Benhassi, M.

AU - Benoit, D. M.

AU - Berbee, E.

AU - Bertin, V.

AU - Biagi, S.

AU - Boettcher, M.

AU - Bonanno, D.

AU - Boumaaza, J.

AU - Bouta, M.

AU - Bouwhuis, M.

AU - Bozza, C.

AU - Bozza, R. M.

AU - Brânzaş, H.

AU - Bretaudeau, F.

AU - Brunner, J.

AU - Bruno, R.

AU - Buis, E.

AU - Buompane, R.

AU - Busto, J.

AU - Caiffi, B.

AU - Calvo, D.

AU - Campion, S.

AU - Capone, A.

AU - Carenini, F.

AU - Carretero, V.

AU - Razzaque, S.

PY - 2024/9/27

Y1 - 2024/9/27

N2 - KM3NeT is constructing two large volume water Cherenkov detectors in the Mediterranean Sea. By instrumenting the water with photo-multipliers, neutrinos can be detected through the Cherenkov light from charged products of their interactions. The dominating signal, however, comes from muons created in extensive air-showers resulting from cosmic ray interactions in the top of the atmosphere. Despite the water column above, the highest-energy muons (> TeV) reach the detectors. Air-showers develop in a non-isotropic atmosphere where the vertical temperature profile, and thus the density, varies over time. The changing density of the atmosphere affects the balance between interaction and decay (to muons) of mesons in the air-showers. Therefore, the muon flux is expected to correlate with the seasons and short-term temperature fluctuations, as confirmed by other experiments. In this contribution, we present a first measurement of the correlation of the detected muon rate with the effective atmospheric temperature (weighted by muon production spectrum and detector response) for the KM3NeT ORCA telescope. The measured rate is compared with simulations, which model the time-dependent detector efficiency and environmental factors for a constant atmospheric muon flux.

AB - KM3NeT is constructing two large volume water Cherenkov detectors in the Mediterranean Sea. By instrumenting the water with photo-multipliers, neutrinos can be detected through the Cherenkov light from charged products of their interactions. The dominating signal, however, comes from muons created in extensive air-showers resulting from cosmic ray interactions in the top of the atmosphere. Despite the water column above, the highest-energy muons (> TeV) reach the detectors. Air-showers develop in a non-isotropic atmosphere where the vertical temperature profile, and thus the density, varies over time. The changing density of the atmosphere affects the balance between interaction and decay (to muons) of mesons in the air-showers. Therefore, the muon flux is expected to correlate with the seasons and short-term temperature fluctuations, as confirmed by other experiments. In this contribution, we present a first measurement of the correlation of the detected muon rate with the effective atmospheric temperature (weighted by muon production spectrum and detector response) for the KM3NeT ORCA telescope. The measured rate is compared with simulations, which model the time-dependent detector efficiency and environmental factors for a constant atmospheric muon flux.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85212253572

M3 - Conference article

AN - SCOPUS:85212253572

SN - 1824-8039

VL - 444

JO - Proceedings of Science

JF - Proceedings of Science

M1 - 355

T2 - 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference, ICRC 2023

Y2 - 26 July 2023 through 3 August 2023

ER -

Seasonal variation of the atmospheric muon flux in the KM3NeT detectors

Abstract

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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