Role of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) Technologies in Water, Energy, and Food (WEF) Resources

The chapter espoused the Fourth Industrial RevolutionFourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), providing historical context and analyzing its design principlesDesign principles and need for water, energy, andFood food resources. The chapter provided a comprehensive overview of the technologies of the Fourth Industrial RevolutionFourth Industrial Revolution (4IR): Internet of Things (IoT)Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data AnalyticBig data analytics, Cloud ComputingCloud computing, 3D Printing/Additive3D printing, Manufacturing, Robotic TechnologyRobotic technology, Augmented/Virtual RealityVirtual reality, Artificial IntelligenceArtificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain TechnologyBlockchain technologyandDigitalDigital Twin TechnologyDigital twin technology. Moreover, through a bibliometric analysisBibliometric analysis and Scopus data analysis, the chapter analyzed the applications of the various 4IR technologies4IR technologies in water, energy, andFood food resources. It provided the relevant sources of publicationsPublications, collaborating networks of authors and countries, trending topics on the application areas, and keyword co-occurrence themes. This led to fourteen (14) themes and twenty-three (23) areas of applying 4IR technologies4IR technologies in the water, energy, and food resources. Furthermore, the chapter discussed a developed 4IR application framework for Water, Energy, and Food Resources. The chapter ended with four (4) integration strategies: CollaborationCollaboration, PoliciesPolicies, Risk analysisRisk analysisand managementRisk management, and CurriculumCurriculum overhauling.