Review of permeable pavement systems

The purpose of this review paper is to summarise the wide-range but diffuse literature on predominantly permeable pavement systems (PPS), highlight current trends in research and industry, and to recommend future areas of research and development. The development of PPS as an integral part of sustainable drainage systems is reviewed in the context of traditional and modern urban drainage. Particular emphasise is given to detailed design, maintenance and water quality control aspects. The most important target pollutants are hydrocarbons, heavy metals and nutrients (i.e. nitrogen and phosphorus). The advantages and disadvantages of different PPS are discussed with the help of recent case studies. The latest innovations are highlighted and explained, and their potential for further research work is outlined. Recent research on the development of a combined geothermal heating and cooling, water treatment, and recycling pavement system is promising.