Review of light parameters and photobiomodulation efficacy: Dive into complexity

Randa Zein, Wayne Selting, Michael R. Hamblin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

208 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, previously known as low-level laser therapy, was discovered more than 50 years ago, yet there is still no agreement on the parameters and protocols for its clinical application. Some groups have recommended the use of a power density less than 100mW/cm 2 and an energy density of 4 to 10J/cm 2 at the level of the target tissue. Others recommend as much as 50J/cm 2 at the tissue surface. The wide range of parameters that can be applied (wavelength, energy, fluence, power, irradiance, pulse mode, treatment duration, and repetition) in some cases has led to contradictory results. In our review, we attempt to evaluate the range of effective and ineffective parameters in PBM. Studies in vitro with cultured cells or in vivo with different tissues were divided into those with higher numbers of mitochondria (muscle, brain, heart, nerve) or lower numbers of mitochondria (skin, tendon, cartilage). Graphs were plotted of energy density against power density. Although the results showed a high degree of variability, cells/tissues with high numbers of mitochondria tended to respond to lower doses of light than those with lower number of mitochondria. Ineffective studies in cells with high mitochondrial activity appeared to be more often due to over-dosing than to under-dosing.

Original languageEnglish
Article number120901
JournalJournal of Biomedical Optics
Volume23
Issue number12
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Dec 2018
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • effective and ineffective studies
  • low-level laser therapy
  • mitochondrial numbers
  • parameters
  • photobiomodulation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
  • Biomaterials
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Review of light parameters and photobiomodulation efficacy: Dive into complexity'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this