Retraction Note: Two-step spin coating approach of hybrid perovskite solid state solar cells: effects of thermal annealing temperatures (The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, (2024), 134, 9-10, (4939-4948), 10.1007/s00170-024-14408-8)

The Editor in Chief has retracted this article. • Fig. 4b (120 °C) in this paper appears to overlap with Fig. 12a in a paper published previously by the same authors [1], despite representing different materials and experimental conditions. • Fig. 3c in this paper appears to overlap with Fig. 1b in a paper published previously by the same authors [2], despite representing different materials under different experimental conditions. • Fig. 3b in this paper appears to overlap with Fig. 2a in a paper published previously by the same authors [2], despite representing different materials and experimental conditions. The authors have failed to respond with a sufficient response to these concerns. The Editor has lost confidence in the data and conclusions of this article. Author Victor Sunday Aigbodion has not explicitly stated whether he agrees or disagrees with this retraction. Authors Muncho Josephine Mbunwe, Agbo Alfred Ogbodo and Egoigwe Vincent Sochima have not responded to correspondence from the publisher regarding this retraction.