Reproducible and sustainable cyber-physical system (CPS) implementation in multinational enterprises

Industry 4.0, and specifically, Cyber-Physical System (CPS) implementation, is a contemporary corporate challenge for multinational enterprises. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are experiencing significant changes in standardizing and replicating sensors for enterprise architecture. This is caused by the different site-specific implementations of manufacturing operations management (MOM) and CPSs. The lack of a reproducible standard framework that can be followed by MNEs makes it difficult and expensive to proceed with the industry 4.0 implementation, as it lacks business and economic justification. Based on a recent implementation at one of the energy giants, this case study provides insights into the conceptualization, design, implementation planning, systems selections, and change management of a full implementation at a greenfield refinery. The case study includes the integration of the full control system into enterprise resource planning integration. It provides a standard framework for a reproducible CPS and discusses the key aspect of the design standardization, while the ability to replicate the system across the MNE's local and global refineries is incorporated into the design. The case study also highlights how standardization optimizes the total cost of ownership from capital and operational expenditure (CAPEX/OPEX) and the impact on sustainability targets.