Renewable Energy Transition and Life Expectancy in the BRICS Countries

This study aims to investigate the impact of disaggregated renewable energy sources on life expectancy in the BRICS nations from 1990 to 2023, using linear, non-linear and non-parametric models. This research challenges long-held beliefs about the impact of renewable energy on human health. It reveals the intricate links between different energy sources and life expectancy in the BRICS countries. Based on the QPNARDL results, hydropower is found to harm life expectancy. Based on the PNARDL model, its impact varies across countries. Based on the SQR and PCSE models in the BRICS nations, however, it appears to have a positive impact on life expectancy. According to the QPNARDL, SQR and PCSE models, wind energy reduces life expectancy in BRICS nations. However, the PNARDL model shows that wind energy has a positive impact on life expectancy in Brazil and China, and a negative impact in India and Russia. Other Renewables, including bioenergy, boost life expectancy in the BRICS nations based on the SQR and PCSE models, while hurting life expectancy based on the QPNARDL and PNARDL models. The results suggest that the impact of renewable energy sources on life expectancy varies between countries and models. These findings have significant implications for policymakers managing the transition to renewable energy; they emphasise the importance of informed, evidence-based decision-making. The study recommends promoting hydropower, wind energy and other renewable energy sources, such as bioenergy, in the BRICS countries to increase life expectancy.