Renewable energy sources integrated load frequency control of power system: A review

Due to advancements in human society and lifestyle changes, the escalating demand for electric energy, along with the expansion of industrialization, highlights the growing importance of green energy such as renewable energy sources (RESs). Nevertheless, the combination of these sources introduces various operational and control challenges for existing power systems. A pivotal concern in power systems involves achieving the essential load frequency control (LFC) to mitigate the deviations in system frequency and unscheduled power exchanges among control areas. This paper conducts a thorough review of the progression of LFC research, spanning historical, present, and prospective power systems. The analysis encompasses considerations of traditional power system models, the integration of RESs into traditional models, associated constraints, deregulated LFC, the application of power electronics devices, energy storage implementations, and LFC strategies tailored for microgrids or multi-microgrids. This comprehensive literature review aims to bridge the research gap by addressing contemporary challenges, such as uncertainties in RES development, and provides insights into future directions for LFC of the power systems.