Recent Progress of Electrospun Structural Nanofiber-Based Sulfides/Selenides for Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion

Flexible electrospun carbon nanofibers/chalcogenides (CNFs/sulfides and selenides) composites have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage and conversion applications. This review comprehensively discusses the recent advances of electrospun CNFs/sulfides and selenides-based energy storage and conversion technologies, with special focus on the electrospinning equipment and assembly mechanisms. Groundbreaking strategies of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven for optimization structure and properties of electrospun fibers, sulfides, and selenides are emphasized. Second, preparation methods are introduced for CNFs/sulfides and selenides, ranging from simple physical mixing to controlled surface functionalization, and extending to complex strongly coupled hybrid synthesis strategies. Additionally, from the perspective of microstructural design to atomic-level modification, it highlights the facilitation of novel structure-property relationships of CNFs/sulfides and selenides. Next, a few energy storage and conversion applications for the developed electrospun composites are shortlisted. Finally, the current challenges are summarized, and future directions are outlined to guide the application of CNFs/sulfides and selenides for energy storage and conversion.