Recent Advances in Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS₂) and MXene-based Heterostructures for Photovoltaic and Water Splitting Applications: A Review

Significant attention is currently being given to two-dimensional (2D) materials due to their various attractive features, making them useful for gas scrubbing, photovoltaics, electrocatalysts, photocatalysts, electronic applications, and so forth. This review focuses on molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂₎, MXenes, and MoS₂/MXene heterostructures for photovoltaic and water splitting applications. The current state-of-the-art on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), water splitting and electrolysis, and the application of 2D materials based on MoS₂ and MXene, as well as their heterostructures for water splitting and photovoltaics, are discussed. The review article addresses and highlights knowledge gaps as well as notable limitations toward the creation and application of novel 2D materials and heterostructures based on MoS₂ and MXene as possible candidate materials in photovoltaic and water splitting applications. Thus, MoS₂ and MXene-based heterostructure catalysts can offer a solution because they are affordable, earth-abundant, stable, and present an opportunity for cost reduction.