Prospects of 2D graphdiynes and their applications in desalination and wastewater remediation

Water is an indispensable part of human life that affects health and food intake. Water pollution caused by rapid industrialization, agriculture, and other human activities affects humanity. Therefore, researchers are prudent and cautious regarding the use of novel materials and technologies for wastewater remediation. Graphdiyne (GDY), an emerging 2D nanomaterial, shows promise in this direction. Graphdiyne has a highly symmetrical π-conjugated structure consisting of uniformly distributed pores; hence, it is favorable for applications such as oil-water separation and organic-pollutant removal. The acetylenic linkage in GDY can strongly interact with metal ions, rendering GDY applicable to heavy-metal adsorption. In addition, GDY membranes that exhibit 100% salt rejection at certain pressures are potential candidates for wastewater treatment and water reuse via desalination. This review provides deep insights into the structure, properties, and synthesis methods of GDY, owing to which it is a unique, promising material. In the latter half of the article, various applications of GDY in desalination and wastewater treatment have been detailed. Finally, the prospects of these materials have been discussed succinctly.