Potential use of Argemone ochroleuca Sweet and Argemone mexicana Linn as alternative pesticide: A systematic review on their biological activity and phytochemistry

Pesticides are mostly used for controlling crop pests however, they are toxic to non-target organisms and the environment. Research on the development of eco-friendly pesticides is getting more consideration. Recent studies suggests that phytochemicals isolated from plants hold potential for managing phytopathogens and pests. Botanical pesticides are a great alternative because they are environmentally friendly. Argemone ochroleuca and Argemone mexicana are known to have phytochemicals that have pesticidal properties. Several studies have confirmed that these plants’ extracts inhibit the growth of phytopathogens however, the information on the potential of these plants is limited. Therefore, the current review seeks to extensively investigate and summarize previously published studies on the biological activities and phytochemistry of these two plants to assess their potential for agricultural applications. Databases used to collect information on A. ochroleuca and A. mexicana were: Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Wiley online. The findings revealed that alkaloids such as berberine and sanguinarine have been reported in the Argemone sp. which have antimicrobial potential and could be used to control phytopathogenic microbes. Research on the formulation and application methods of these plant extracts for use in real world settings is needed to optimize the disease control.