Political economy of special economic zones modelling and their impact on regional integration and inclusivity: The case of Maluti A Phofung Special Economic Zone, Free State Province, South Africa

This chapter explores the role of special economic zones (SEZs) on the political economy of regional development and inclusivity, exploring the Maluti A Phofung Special Economic Zone (MAPSEZ) in the Free State province of South Africa. Its premise is that regional development must embrace the ethos of political economy for integration and inclusivity; hence, the chapter focuses on the role of SEZs in promoting integrated regional development and inclusivity. The political economy is a political will to effect policies and strategies for integration and inclusivity. Nevertheless, political will is limited to support SEZs for regional development, integration and inclusive planning. Consequently, the chapter aims to explore the role of political economy in encouraging integration and inclusivity through the SEZ. The chapter adopts a case study research design, wherein the MAPSEZ in the Free State Province of South Africa was used as a case study. A qualitative research method through interviews of experts and professionals working and practising as consultants within SEZs, a review of existing literature and archival analysis. The study applied content analysis for textual data wherein themes were created from categories derived from responses, an Excel package for descriptive statistical data. The information was presented in textual format, using figures such as graphs, pie charts, maps and tables. It examines the impact of SEZ on inclusive planning through the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The findings reveal limitations on policies and strategies that support integration and inclusivity that benefit communities, regional integration and inclusivity. The chapter recommends the imperative adoption and implementation of regional planning and inclusivity to integrate regions. In conclusion, there is a need for the national and provincial governments to align their SEZ practices and policy direction toward integration and inclusivity.