Planning of Fast Charging Stations in Distribution System Coupled with Transportation Network for Capturing EV flow

Promotion of Electric Vehicles (EVs) over conventional vehicles due to environmental concern calls for the optimal location and sizing of Fast Charging Stations (FCS) to facilitate the large-scale EV deployment. EV FCS couple future transportation networks and power systems. That is EV driving and charging behavior will influence both the networks. This paper proposes optimal location and sizing of FCS which ensures maximal capture of EV flow and reduced investment cost by minimizing the number of charging facilities required in the FCS. A battery capacity constrained EV flow capturing location model to maximize the EV traffic flow is proposed. Further queuing analysis based waiting time constrained sizing model is proposed to minimize the number of charging facilities in an FCS. This is a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem solved by the two variants of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. The simulation is conducted on a case study consisting of 123-bus distribution system and a 25-node traffic network system to illustrate the proposed planning method. The impact of different load models of FCS for power flow analysis on the distribution system is also studied.