Photobiomodulation-induced activation of Wnt signaling enhances differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into tenocytes: Mechanistic insights into regenerative signaling pathways

The differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) into tendon cells is a key process in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The Wnt signaling pathway plays a key role in regulating cell fate and tissue-regeneration decisions, making it a promising target for improving tendon differentiation. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non-invasive therapeutic approach that has been shown to modulate cellular processes, including stem cell differentiation. The aim of this review is to provide an understanding of the effects of PBM and Wnt signaling on ADSC differentiation. The complexities of interactions between PBM and dynamic Wnt pathway exist in different ways during the differentiation of ADSCs into tendon cells. The results highlight the potential therapeutic application of PBM in promoting tendon healing and regeneration. This review explores the clinical importance of PBM-mediated Wnt signaling regulation in tendon injuries. The results of this review will provide valuable information for the rational design of therapeutic strategies to enhance tendon differentiation and improve clinical outcomes and will also contribute to increasing knowledge of the synergistic relationship between PBMs, Wnt signaling pathways, and stem cell differentiation.