TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimizing Graphene Oxide Encapsulated TiO2 and Hydroxyapatite; Structure and Biological Response
AU - Alothman, Asma A.
AU - El-Naggar, Mehrez E.
AU - Afifi, M.
AU - Mushab, Mohammed Sheikh Saleh
AU - Sillanpää, Mika
AU - Kenawy, El Refaie
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2022/4
Y1 - 2022/4
N2 - Nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatite (HAP) are fabricated with/without combining titanium oxide (TiO2) and graphene oxide. Structure investigation was done for all compositions using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared in addition to X-ray photoelectron to study the chemical compositions of the obtained nanocomposites. The surface morphology investigation was done with the scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. In this regard, TiO2 nanoparticles were exhibited in spherical shapes, while HAP was detected as nanorods. The dimensions of HAP have been decreased from 53 and 18 to 27 and 10 nm for length and diameter, respectively. The crystallite sizes obtained from XRD data are around 15 and 33 nm for HAP and TiO2 respectively. Moreover, the diameter of TiO2 reached 80 nm. Further, the average roughness parameter (Ra) improved from 9.2 to 11.1 nm from HAP to TNC. Besides, the root mean square (Rq), maximum height of the roughness (Rt), and maximum roughness valley depth (Rv) increased to 14.7, 104, and 55.9 nm, respectively. Furthermore, cell viability enhanced from 96.3 ± 3 to 102.4 ± 3%. Besides, the antibacterial behavior improved to be 15.3 ± 1.3 and 14.2 ± 0.9 mm for TNC against E. coli and S. aureus respectively.
AB - Nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatite (HAP) are fabricated with/without combining titanium oxide (TiO2) and graphene oxide. Structure investigation was done for all compositions using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared in addition to X-ray photoelectron to study the chemical compositions of the obtained nanocomposites. The surface morphology investigation was done with the scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. In this regard, TiO2 nanoparticles were exhibited in spherical shapes, while HAP was detected as nanorods. The dimensions of HAP have been decreased from 53 and 18 to 27 and 10 nm for length and diameter, respectively. The crystallite sizes obtained from XRD data are around 15 and 33 nm for HAP and TiO2 respectively. Moreover, the diameter of TiO2 reached 80 nm. Further, the average roughness parameter (Ra) improved from 9.2 to 11.1 nm from HAP to TNC. Besides, the root mean square (Rq), maximum height of the roughness (Rt), and maximum roughness valley depth (Rv) increased to 14.7, 104, and 55.9 nm, respectively. Furthermore, cell viability enhanced from 96.3 ± 3 to 102.4 ± 3%. Besides, the antibacterial behavior improved to be 15.3 ± 1.3 and 14.2 ± 0.9 mm for TNC against E. coli and S. aureus respectively.
KW - Antibacterial
KW - Cell viability
KW - Graphene oxide
KW - Hydroxyapatite
KW - TiO
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85122801115&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10904-021-02193-w
DO - 10.1007/s10904-021-02193-w
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85122801115
SN - 1574-1443
VL - 32
SP - 1306
EP - 1318
JO - Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials
JF - Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials
IS - 4
ER -