Optimising Maintenance Workflows in Healthcare Facilities: A Multi-Scenario Discrete Event Simulation and Simulation Annealing Approach

Healthcare systems in low-resource settings need effective methods for managing their scant resources, especially people and equipment. Digital technologies may provide means for circumventing the constraints hindering low-income economies from improving their healthcare services. Although analytical and simulation techniques, such as queuing theory and discrete event simulation, have already been successfully applied in addressing various optimisation problems across different operational contexts, the literature reveals that their application in optimisation of healthcare maintenance systems remains relatively unexplored. This study considers the problem of maintenance workflow optimisation with respect to labour, equipment availability and cost. The study aims to provide objective means for forecasting resource demand, given a set of task requests with varying priorities and queue characteristics that flow from multiple queues, and in parallel, into the same maintenance process for resolution. The paper presents how discrete event simulation is adopted in combination with simulated annealing to develop a decision-support tool that helps healthcare asset managers leverage operational performance data to project future asset-performance trends objectively, and thereby determine appropriate interventions for optimal performance. The study demonstrates that healthcare facilities can achieve efficiency in a cost-effective manner through tool-generated maintenance strategies, and that any future changes can be expeditiously re-evaluated and addressed.