Optimal Learning Moments in Finnish and US Science Classrooms: A Psychological Network Analysis Approach

Engagement can be situative and, when it occurs, a number of experiences will co-occur. The present study examined the co-occurred experiences of optimal learning moments (OLM), a type of situated engagement, using the novel network analysis and including data from two countries: Finland and the US. Both samples were from high schools and were measured using the experience sampling method. The Finnish sample consisted of 282 students (age = 15-16) and was assessed in science lessons only. The US sample consisted of 533 students at the same age. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that, when OLM occurred, feelings of concentration, success, in control, and meeting self and others’ expectations appeared frequently. These results were highly consistent between Finnish and US science classrooms. Further analysis found optimal learning moments were mutually reinforced by the creative experiences, feelings of competitiveness and pride, and the attitudes toward science practices. As a result, an updated optimal learning moment framework was proposed to understand its enhancers, detractors, accelerants, and outcomes in science learning situations. This provides new theoretical accounts regarding the co-occurring experiences of optimal learning moments.