OCCUPATIONAL ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS ASSOCIATED WITH KELP EXPOSURE IN A SEAWEED-PROCESSING PLANT

Background: Ecklonia maxima, or sea bamboo, is a species of kelp belonging to brown seaweed (Phaeophyta), a group of macroscopic multicellular marine algae. It is playing an increasingly signiûcant role in aquaculture and the production of various bioactive products, including plant-growth regulators. Whereas the respiratory problems related to seaweed exposure have been documented, work-related ocular conditions have not previously been reported. This article describes the case of an administrative assistant employed in a kelp-processing facility who presented with a two-year history of recurrent work-related ocular symptoms associated with secondary exposure to kelp and its products. Methods: The clinical assessment included ophthalmological examination and allergological evaluation, comprising skin-prick tests to common inhalant allergens and kelp, in addition to patch testing and speciûc IgE to kelp. A workplace visit was conducted to evaluate possible work-related exposures. Additional investigations included a computed tomography (CT) scan of the sinuses, pulmonary function testing, autoimmune disease screening and a corneal biopsy. Results: Occupational allergic conjunctivitis associated with kelp was diagnosed. The diagnosis was supported by the patient’s history of occupational exposure, work-related ocular symptoms and a positive skin-prick and patch test to fresh kelp. The workplace investigation identiûed potential exposure to kelp fragments and irritant chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. Conclusion: This case highlights probable occupational allergy to kelp, presenting primarily as a conjunctivitis, mediated by IgE and non-IgE-medicated mechanisms and aggravated by irritant exposures. It underscores the need for further research into the mechanisms underlying this clinical presentation and the speciûc allergenic components causing sensitisation in occupational settings.