Nanomodified Polymers for Bone Regeneration and as Dental Implant

The main emphasis on the development of tissue engineering involves the development of functional alternatives for damaged organs or tissues. Scaffolds facilitate cell proliferation while also improving their specific functions. Scaffolds are 3D structures capable of imitating the tissue extracellular matrix’s mechanical and bioactive activities, providing a suitable environment for cellular bonding, proliferation, and distinction. Therefore, in tissue engineering, scaffolds are also assigned to promote defective tissue regeneration, a very essential feature of bone tissue regeneration. Due to their unique versatility, polymers are extensively used in tissue engineering. Polymers are excellent candidates for bone scaffolding; however, they can only achieve the mechanical activity equivalent to that of bones by integrating nanomodification by nanoreinforcement, such as using fibers or uniformly dispersed ceramic or metallic nanoparticles in the matrix. Nanomodification improves the structural and mechanical performance of composites in the biomedical field, especially those used in tissue engineering, bone regeneration, and modern dentistry implants. Therefore, this chapter addresses recent leading studies on nanocomposites in the medical field, especially in tissue engineering and bone regeneration, and explores their competitive advantages and trends.