MXene composites: Properties, synthesis and its emerging application in rechargeable batteries

Since the first discovery of Ti₃C₂ in the year 2011, the family of 2D transition metal carbides carbonitrides, and nitrides (commonly referred to as MXenes) has grown significantly. The materials described so far all have surface terminations like hydroxyl, oxygen, or fluorine that give their surfaces a hydrophilic quality. Due to MXenes' adaptable chemistry, they can be tailored for a variety of purposes, such as energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, reinforcement for composites, water purification, gas- and biosensors, lubrication, and photo-, electro-, and chemical catalysis. As such, this paper provides a critical overview of the synthesis and properties of MXene, the various routes through which MXene can be chemically and physically modified, and the different composites of MXenes, among others. Also, we robustly discussed the application of MXene composites in rechargeable batteries and assessed the effectiveness of MXene composites. Finally, an outlook and current challenges confronting the synthesis and application of MXene composites in rechargeable batteries were highlighted for future exploration.