Multi-objective synergistic planning of EV fast-charging stations in the distribution system coupled with the transportation network

The adoption of environmentally friendly electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing over the years due to the increased awareness of energy and environmental challenges. However, the current growth is slow because of lack of proper charging infrastructures. This study proposes a multi-objective synergistic planning model of an EV charging station considering the interaction between the distribution system and transportation networks as the fast charging of EVs affects the operation of both networks. The developed model minimises the power losses and voltage deviation of the distribution system and maximises the EV flow served by the fast charging station (FCS) simultaneously taking into account permissible waiting time and service radius of FCS. Multi-objective grey wolf optimiser (MOGWO) algorithm is used to obtain the non-dominated solutions and fuzzy satisfaction-based decision-making method is employed to reach final planning scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed model is investigated on the IEEE 123-bus distribution system coupled with a 25-node transportation network. The influence of different objectives, service radius and waiting time on the planning of FCS is also explored. Results reveal that the developed method can provide rational siting and sizing of FCS and it is also found that proper service radius and waiting time provide more convenience to the customer.