Multi-objective optimization of the performance and emission characteristics of a gasoline engine equipped with a Three-Way Catalytic Converter using Grey Wolf Optimizer

This study uses the Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (MOGWO) to optimize the performance and emissions of a gasoline engine fitted with a Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC). The primary objective was to simultaneously reduce brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), nitrogen oxide (NO_x) emissions, and total hydrocarbon (THC) emissions by modifying key engine operating parameters, including engine torque, engine speed, and gasoline-ethanol blending ratio. The MOGWO algorithm was employed to identify a set of non-dominated (Pareto-optimal) solutions that strike a balance between fuel efficiency and pollution reduction. The optimization findings demonstrate that MOGWO is effective in enhancing engine performance and reducing emissions. The algorithm achieved a 26.15% reduction in BSFC when compared to the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) employed in a related investigation, as well as a 31.87% reduction in NO_x emissions when compared to figures reported in the RSM method.