Models/techniques to evaluate ophthalmic drug delivery formulations

This chapter explores the challenges of ophthalmic drug delivery, including the complex eye anatomy and protective barriers, and the importance of preclinical models for predicting drug behavior. It emphasizes the use of cell cultures, corneal permeability studies, and animal models to assess drug formulation performance. This chapter also discusses advanced techniques such as ocular pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics modeling, as well as specialized imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy. It also highlights emerging technologies and methodologies such as nanoparticulate drug carriers and controlled release systems, which could revolutionize ophthalmic drug delivery. Understanding these models and techniques is crucial for formulating safe and effective ophthalmic drugs.