Mobile Communications and Networks Beyond 5G

One of the most active and quickly expanding sectors of the global telecommunications industry is the wireless communication network. The term “5G” refers to a mobile communications standard that concentrates on linking everyone and everything together with practically no delay. Peak data transmission speeds of 20 Gbps make 5G up to 20 times quicker than 4G, and it can send data with a latency of only one millisecond and up to 99.9999 percent reliability at the same time having a million connections. These three key usage scenarios define 5G new radio (NR). Supporting these generic services with incredibly diverse needs is the main goal of 5G wireless technology. Although the final stages of the development of the 5G wireless standard were completed between 2017 and 2019, but in contrast to its early promise as a platform for Internet of Everything (IoE) applications, the continued implementation of 5G cellular infrastructure is continuing to show the system's fundamental flaws. The fact that the network coverage is still severely constrained is one of the causes, as all 5G devices scheduled for release in the upcoming years are expected to rely on current 4G infrastructures, a situation known as a “non-standalone (NSA)” network. As a consequence, due to the limits of 5G, efforts are being made worldwide to define 6G wireless standards, which will be capable of integrating incredibly advanced applications like “extended reality (XR)” and autonomous systems. It is a revolutionary wireless system that is fundamentally adapted to the performance needs of IoE applications and their associated technological advances. Terahertz communications, “orbital angular momentum communication,” “visible light communications,” “advanced channel coding and modulation,” and “advanced duplex” are the enabling technologies of future wireless networks which are the focus area of current researchers. This chapter highlights the developments and challenges in the implementation of future network technologies with a view of a fully integrated and autonomous self-sustaining network.