Mixed Methods Research: A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come

R. Burke Johnson, Anthony J. Onwuegbuzie

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

4815 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The purposes of this article are to position mixed methods research (mixed research is a synonym) as the natural complement to traditional qualitative and quantitative research, to present pragmatism as offering an attractive philosophical partner for mixed methods research, and to provide a framework for designing and conducting mixed methods research. In doing this, we briefly review the paradigm “wars” and incompatibility thesis, we show some commonalities between quantitative and qualitative research, we explain the tenets of pragmatism, we explain the fundamental principle of mixed research and how to apply it, we provide specific sets of designs for the two major types of mixed methods research (mixed-model designs and mixed-method designs), and, finally, we explain mixed methods research as following (recursively) an eight-step process. A key feature of mixed methods research is its methodological pluralism or eclecticism, which frequently results in superior research (compared to monomethod research). Mixed methods research will be successful as more investigators study and help advance its concepts and as they regularly practice it.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)14-26
Number of pages13
JournalEducational Researcher
Volume33
Issue number7
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2004
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Education

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