Measures for Blockchain-Integrated IOT Systems Adoption in Circular Material Flow in Construction Organisations

There is a growing shift toward circular material flows, which focuses on minimising waste, maximising resource efficiency, and extending the lifecycle of construction materials. This transition is driven by the need to address sustainability concerns, regulatory pressures, and economic opportunities. However, this transition requires innovative digital technologies to enhance supply chains’ transparency, traceability, and efficiency. Hence, this study aims to uncover enabling measures for adopting blockchain-integrated IOT systems in circular material flow in construction organisations. The study adopted a survey methodology, distributing 185 questionnaires to participants. 160 responses were received and deemed suitable for analysis. The data collected were examined using multiple statistical techniques, including percentages, mean item scores, standard deviation, one-sample t-tests, and Kruskal–Wallis tests to ensure a comprehensive assessment. The findings reveal that the enabling measures for adopting blockchain-integrated IoT systems for circular material flows in construction organisations within developing nations include data protection, funding availability, adaptability to standard procedures, self-optimising mechanisms, user-perceived value, responsiveness and resilience, senior management's openness to change, among others. To facilitate the successful adoption of blockchain-integrated IOT systems through the enabling measures, the study emphasises the need to develop policies for implementing mandatory material tracking systems using blockchain and IoT for significant infrastructure projects. Also, multi-stakeholder partnerships involving government agencies, the private sector, and academia should be created. In addition, peer-learning platforms and pilot projects where construction firms can test the solutions in real-world conditions must be encouraged.