Marine Algae and Their Importance

Simple, non-flowering marine algae are a diverse group that range in size from unicellular (2 μm to 30 m) to multicellular forms (kelps up to 70 m). They are crucial for the formation of habitats and as a food source in the marine environment. Alga is the oldest member of the plant world, with origins going back several million years. They support life in the marine ecosystem by creating food webs, producing oxygen, and acting as the largest primary producer in the marine environment. They also act as habitats for many creatures. Algae are a major primary producer in the marine ecosystem and contribute more than 90% of the world’s photosynthesis. They are made up of many kinds of big macroalgae and tiny algae. Photosynthetic organisms called marine algae (also known as seaweeds) inhabit the seas and oceans. They are acknowledged as having a number of advantages and serving as a source of several significant bioactive chemicals. We discuss facts about marine algae, including their taxonomy, distribution, and significance, in this chapter. Because it doesn't need land, irrigation infrastructure, additional nutrients, or fertilizers, marine algae have an advantage over terrestrial-based crops developed for biofuels. Farms that cultivate macroalgae for human and animal consumption are widespread around the world, whereas biofuel-focused farms are still in the experimental phase. For scientists conducting studies in this field, the information presented in this review provides a scientific basis on marine algae.