Low-Intensity Laser Irradiation at 636 nm Induces Increased Viability and Proliferation in Isolated Lung Cancer Stem Cells

Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of low-intensity laser irradiation (LILI) on isolated lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) after several time intervals, using a wavelength of 636 nm and fluences between 5 and 20 J/cm². Background data: LILI has been proven to have a biomodulatory effect on various diseased conditions. A number of studies have been conducted on CSCs. Methods: Lung CSCs were isolated from lung cancer cells (A549), using cell surface marker CD 133. Isolated lung CSCs were divided into four groups: group 1 consisted of control cells receiving no irradiation; groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to laser irradiation at fluences of 5, 10, and 20 J/cm², respectively. LILI was performed using a 636 nm diode laser with a power output of ±85 mW. Cellular responses were evaluated after 24, 48, or 72 h, and included cell morphology, viability, and proliferation. Results: Cellular morphology indicated an increase in cell density caused by cell proliferation over time. Biostimulatory effects were achieved in lung CSCs when examining viability and proliferation. Conclusions: It should, therefore, be noted that a low wavelength of 636 nm at various fluences induces biostimulation, which may have detrimental effects when using LILI as a form of regeneration.