Kolaviron mitigates purinergic dysfunction and modulates carbohydrate metabolism in iron-induced oxidative injury in vero cells

Oxidative stress contributes the pathogenesis and progression of renal toxicity. This study investigated the protective effect of kolaviron, the principal phytochemical of Garcinia kola seed on major dysmetabolic activities, vis-à-vis oxidative imbalance, purinergic dysfunctions, and glucose dysmetabolism in oxidative renal toxicity using Vero cell lines. Fixed Vero cells were treated with kolaviron extracted from G. kola seeds, then subjected to an MTT assay that revealed a non-cytotoxic effect of kolaviron on Vero cells. Fixed Vero cells were further pretreated for 25 minutes before incubating with FeSO₄ for 30 minutes to induce oxidative injury. Induction of oxidative injury significantly depleted glutathione level and catalase activity while concomitantly elevating malondialdehyde level, ATPase, ENTPDase, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose 6-phosphatase, and fructose-1,6-biphosphatase activities. These activities and levels were significantly reversed in kolaviron pretreated cells. Molecular docking analysis revealed strong molecular interactions of kolaviron with ATPase, ENTPDase. fructose-1,6-biphosphatase and glycogen phosphorylase. The results indicate that kolaviron is safe and non-toxic to cells and protected against iron-induced oxidative renal injury as depicted by its ability to mitigate oxidative imbalance, modulate purinergic activities and glucose metabolism in Vero cells.