Joint Optimization of IRS and THz Resource Allocation in 6G IoT Networks: An Adaptive Online MADDPG Approach

The convergence of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) and Terahertz (THz) communications represents a transformative advancement for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, yet presents unprecedented challenges in system optimization. This article addresses the critical challenge of joint optimization between IRS phase shifts and THz resource allocation in dynamic Internet of Things (IoT) environments, focusing on real-time adaptation to rapidly changing channel conditions. We propose a novel adaptive online multiagent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) framework that leverages dynamic experience weighting to automatically adjust learning based on detected environmental changes. Our approach incorporates a multiresolution buffer structure that balances recent observations with historical patterns, enabling both rapid adaptation and long-term optimization while considering the unique characteristics of THz-band propagation and IRS reflection patterns. The framework employs explicit coordination protocols between IRS controllers and resource managers, significantly improving convergence in nonstationary environments. Comprehensive simulations using realistic THz channel models and practical IRS configurations demonstrate that our proposed framework achieves a 45% improvement in system throughput, a 38% reduction in end-to-end latency, and a 30% enhancement in energy efficiency compared to conventional optimization approaches. More significantly, our solution demonstrates unprecedented adaptation capabilities, recovering 90% of optimal performance within 5 ms after abrupt environmental changes a critical requirement for future 6G networks. The framework maintains robust performance under diverse conditions, including high user mobility scenarios and adverse atmospheric conditions, while exhibiting linear computational scaling with increasing IRS elements (tested up to 512 elements). These results establish the viability of adaptive online MADDPG-based joint IRS-THz optimization for practical 6G deployments, particularly in dynamic IoT environments where traditional communication approaches face significant limitations.