Innovative nanopolymers for adsorption of pollutants from water

The release of contaminants into water poses a significant threat to global clean water availability. This contaminated water contains toxic pollutants like heavy metals, posing risks to human health and the environment. To address this issue, treating contaminated wastewater before discharge is crucial. Conventional methods, such as ion exchange, have the disadvantages of incomplete removal and energy intensity. The development of innovative techniques such as adsorption, membrane filtration, and electro-catalysis can provide more effective and sustainable solutions for wastewater treatment, ensuring the production of clean water for various purposes, including agriculture and industry. The use of cost-effective and efficient adsorbents has become an appealing approach to water purification. Recent years have seen the use of polymeric materials as adsorbents. The application of nanomaterials to the synthesis of innovative nanopolymer adsorbents is a promising method for treating contaminated water. This study introduces various isotherm models, including Langmuir, Aranovich, BET, Temkin, Toth, Sips, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Redlich-Peterson, and Freundlich, as well as kinetics equations, such as pseudo-first-order, Elovich, pseudo-second order, and Webber-Morris. This review focusses on the latest advancements in nanopolymer-based adsorbents. It compares the kinetics, isotherms, and maximum adsorption capacity for removing pollutants using nanopolymeric adsorbents.