IMPACTS OF CYCLONE FREDDY ON THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND INFRASTRUCTURAL ENVIRONMENT

Cyclone Freddy, which struck Malawi in 2023, profoundly impacted livelihoods and communities. This study explores the lived experiences of Blantyre City residents affected by Cyclone Freddy, examining its social, economic, and infrastructural consequences. Using a qualitative approach, the research employed purposive sampling to interview 31 participants, including community members, NGOs, and aid workers. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and field observations, with thematic analysis conducted using ATLAS.ti. To ensure reliability and validity, a triangulation approach integrated insights from interviews and document analysis. The findings reveal severe social impacts, including displacement, psychological distress, and the breakdown of community networks. Economically, the cyclone caused significant livelihood losses, destruction of businesses, and agricultural setbacks, and worsening food insecurity. Infrastructural damage was extensive, disrupting roads, schools, and health facilities, which impeded essential services and emergency responses. These outcomes highlight critical gaps in urban spatial planning and the absence of resilience-focused policies. The study emphasizes the urgent need to integrate climate resilience into urban planning through stricter regulatory enforcement, enhanced community participation, and climate-sensitive frameworks. Policy recommendations include strengthening disaster risk reduction strategies and promoting sustainable urban development. Beyond Malawi, these findings offer valuable insights for other regions vulnerable to cyclones and extreme weather events.