TY - JOUR
T1 - Genome assembly and annotation of Photorhabdus heterorhabditis strain ETL reveals genetic features involved in pathogenicity with its associated entomopathogenic nematode and anti-host effectors with biocontrol potential applications
AU - Lulamba, Tshikala Eddie
AU - Green, Ezekiel
AU - Serepa-Dlamini, Mahloro Hope
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s)
PY - 2021/8/30
Y1 - 2021/8/30
N2 - The genome sequences of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) bacteria and their functional analyses can lead to the genetic engineering of the bacteria for use as biocontrol agents. The bacterial symbiont Photorhabdus heterorhabditis strain ETL isolated from an insect pathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis zealandica strain ETL, collected in the northernmost region of South Africa was studied to reveal information that can be useful in the design of improvement strategies for both effective and liquid production method of EPN-based pesticides. The strain ETL genome was found closely related to the type strain genome of P. australis DSM 17,609 (~60 to 99.9% CDSs similarity), but closely related to the not yet genome-sequenced type strain, P. heterorhabditis. It has a genome size of 4,866,148 bp and G + C content of 42.4% similar to other Photorhabdus. It contains 4,351 protein coding genes (CDSs) of which, at least 84% are shared with the de facto type strain P. luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1, and has 318 unknown CDSs and the genome has a higher degree of plasticity allowing it to adapt to different environmental conditions, and to be virulent against various insects; observed through genes acquired through horizontal gene transfer mechanisms, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, non-determined polyketide- and non-ribosomal peptide- synthase gene clusters, and many genes associated with uncharacterized proteins; which also justify the strain ETL's genes differences (quantity and quality) compared to P. luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1. The protein coding sequences contained genes with both bio-engineering and EPNs mass production importance, of which numerous are uncharacterized.
AB - The genome sequences of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) bacteria and their functional analyses can lead to the genetic engineering of the bacteria for use as biocontrol agents. The bacterial symbiont Photorhabdus heterorhabditis strain ETL isolated from an insect pathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis zealandica strain ETL, collected in the northernmost region of South Africa was studied to reveal information that can be useful in the design of improvement strategies for both effective and liquid production method of EPN-based pesticides. The strain ETL genome was found closely related to the type strain genome of P. australis DSM 17,609 (~60 to 99.9% CDSs similarity), but closely related to the not yet genome-sequenced type strain, P. heterorhabditis. It has a genome size of 4,866,148 bp and G + C content of 42.4% similar to other Photorhabdus. It contains 4,351 protein coding genes (CDSs) of which, at least 84% are shared with the de facto type strain P. luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1, and has 318 unknown CDSs and the genome has a higher degree of plasticity allowing it to adapt to different environmental conditions, and to be virulent against various insects; observed through genes acquired through horizontal gene transfer mechanisms, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, non-determined polyketide- and non-ribosomal peptide- synthase gene clusters, and many genes associated with uncharacterized proteins; which also justify the strain ETL's genes differences (quantity and quality) compared to P. luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1. The protein coding sequences contained genes with both bio-engineering and EPNs mass production importance, of which numerous are uncharacterized.
KW - Biocontrol
KW - Liquid culture production
KW - Pathogenicity
KW - Photorhabdus heterorhabditis strain ETL
KW - Symbiosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108608775&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145780
DO - 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145780
M3 - Article
C2 - 34147570
AN - SCOPUS:85108608775
SN - 0378-1119
VL - 795
JO - Gene
JF - Gene
M1 - 145780
ER -