TY - JOUR
T1 - Gender and Wage Gap
T2 - Cross-Country Analysis
AU - Kayıkçı, Fazıl
AU - Meyer, Daniel
AU - Cstanho, Rui Alexandre
AU - Çoban Kayıkçı, Fatma
AU - Yılmaz, Sema
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2025. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
PY - 2025/1/1
Y1 - 2025/1/1
N2 - Although women’s educational achievement and human capital have increased, the wage gap persists both in Germany and Turkey. Also, there are many differences in terms of labor market policies for both countries. This study will discuss the current situation within the framework of various wage gap theories and estimate the relationship between an extensive range of human capital, and economic and social characteristics of gender differences in wages for Germany and Turkey. We employ the stochastic frontier approach methodology to calculate a frontier of wages using German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and the Turkish Statistical Institute’s (TUIK) Household Research data and Labor Force Research data. The findings of the study strongly suggest that the current frameworks are inadequate, and more comprehensive measures need to be adopted to promote gender equality in the labor market. Policymakers should focus on creating more inclusive and supportive work environments by improving education, offering greater workplace flexibility, ensuring wage transparency, and providing robust legal protections for women. By addressing these systemic issues, both countries can make strides toward reducing the gender wage gap and promoting a more equitable workforce. JEL Classification: C23, E24, J16, J31.
AB - Although women’s educational achievement and human capital have increased, the wage gap persists both in Germany and Turkey. Also, there are many differences in terms of labor market policies for both countries. This study will discuss the current situation within the framework of various wage gap theories and estimate the relationship between an extensive range of human capital, and economic and social characteristics of gender differences in wages for Germany and Turkey. We employ the stochastic frontier approach methodology to calculate a frontier of wages using German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and the Turkish Statistical Institute’s (TUIK) Household Research data and Labor Force Research data. The findings of the study strongly suggest that the current frameworks are inadequate, and more comprehensive measures need to be adopted to promote gender equality in the labor market. Policymakers should focus on creating more inclusive and supportive work environments by improving education, offering greater workplace flexibility, ensuring wage transparency, and providing robust legal protections for women. By addressing these systemic issues, both countries can make strides toward reducing the gender wage gap and promoting a more equitable workforce. JEL Classification: C23, E24, J16, J31.
KW - gender inequalities
KW - labor force participation
KW - wage inefficiency
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105021130424
U2 - 10.1177/21582440251360489
DO - 10.1177/21582440251360489
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105021130424
SN - 2158-2440
VL - 15
JO - SAGE Open
JF - SAGE Open
IS - 3
ER -